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中评智库:从阿富汗撤军看拜登施政风格

http://www.CRNTT.com   2021-10-23 00:06:35  


 
  注释:

  ①Robert J. Lieber: "Biden Foreign Policy: Sobered by Reality or Condemned to Repetition",in Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, Published online: 01 Jul 2021

  ②同时,若依照过往数据,则美国公众对于外交政策上的成败一般记忆时长并不太久,这一点也许会潜在地对拜登有利,参阅https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/21/politics/biden-afghanistan-polling-analysis/index.html

  ③参阅William G. Howell: Power without Persuasion: The Politics of Direct Presidential Action (Princeton University Press, 2015 ); Jeremy D. Bailey: The Idea of Presidential Representation: An Intellectual and Political History (University Press of Kansas, 2019); John A. Dearborn: Power Shifts: Congress and Presidential Representation (University of Chicago Press, 2021)

  ④参阅https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/17/us/politics/afghanistan-biden-administration.html 和 https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/cia-warned-rapid-afghanistan-collapse-so-why-did-u-s-n1277026

  ⑤参阅https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2021/07/joe-biden-andrew-saul-trump-unitary-executive.html ; 亦可参阅 https://washingtonmonthly.com/2021/07/23/the-necessary-perils-of-bidens-unitary-presidency/ 与 https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-meaning-of-bidens-firing-spree-11626129832

  ⑥参阅https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020 /12/10/nathan-simington-christopher-waller-fcc-federal-reserve-appointments-unitary-executive-authority-444136

  ⑦参阅https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05 /29/executive-privilege-immunity-biden-trump/

  ⑧参阅https://www.aei.org/society-and-culture/bidens-imperial-presidency-moment/ ;以及 https://www.aei.org/foreign-and-defense-policy/presidential-unity-and-the-afghanistan-disaster/

  ⑨关于此书的详情介绍,可参阅李海默:《“深层政府”与一元型总统制:美国当代政治中的两个幽灵?》,刊于上海澎湃新闻,2021-05-24。

  ⑩当然,这样的建议是否真的可行,其实也要打一个很大的问号,不仅美国国会早已是政治极化现象表现最为突出的所在,而且现在民主党在国会两院实际都是微弱多数,更遑论最近美国新一轮人口统计出炉,在国会里因人口增长而增加席次的是红州,掉了席次的反而是蓝州。

  ⑪关于特朗普这方面的表现,可参阅李海默:《特朗普说美国总统想干嘛就干嘛,假如汉密尔顿复生会怎么看?》,刊于 澎湃新闻,2020-07-08;与李海默:《学理上,美国会是否能够限制约束特朗普关税权力?》,刊于 观察者网,2018-07-30。

  ⑫参阅https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/trump-railed-against-deep-state-he-also-built-his-own-n1258385

  ⑬参阅https://www.salon.com/2021/02/15/trump-waged-war- on-the-deep-statecan-bidens-good-government-approach-work-now/

  ⑭参阅https://news.yale.edu/2021/03/29/after-trump-reining-imperial-presidency


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