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中评智库：从阿富汗撤军看拜登施政风格

http://www.CRNTT.com   2021-10-23 00:06:35

注释： 　　①Robert J. Lieber： "Biden Foreign Policy: Sobered by Reality or Condemned to Repetition"，in Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, Published online: 01 Jul 2021 　　②同时，若依照过往数据，则美国公众对于外交政策上的成败一般记忆时长并不太久，这一点也许会潜在地对拜登有利，参阅https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/21/politics/biden-afghanistan-polling-analysis/index.html 　　③参阅William G. Howell: Power without Persuasion: The Politics of Direct Presidential Action (Princeton University Press, 2015 ); Jeremy D. Bailey: The Idea of Presidential Representation: An Intellectual and Political History (University Press of Kansas, 2019); John A. Dearborn: Power Shifts: Congress and Presidential Representation (University of Chicago Press, 2021) 　　④参阅https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/17/us/politics/afghanistan-biden-administration.html 和 https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/cia-warned-rapid-afghanistan-collapse-so-why-did-u-s-n1277026 　　⑤参阅https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2021/07/joe-biden-andrew-saul-trump-unitary-executive.html ; 亦可参阅 https://washingtonmonthly.com/2021/07/23/the-necessary-perils-of-bidens-unitary-presidency/ 与 https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-meaning-of-bidens-firing-spree-11626129832 　　⑥参阅https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020 /12/10/nathan-simington-christopher-waller-fcc-federal-reserve-appointments-unitary-executive-authority-444136 　　⑦参阅https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05 /29/executive-privilege-immunity-biden-trump/ 　　⑧参阅https://www.aei.org/society-and-culture/bidens-imperial-presidency-moment/ ；以及 https://www.aei.org/foreign-and-defense-policy/presidential-unity-and-the-afghanistan-disaster/ 　　⑨关于此书的详情介绍，可参阅李海默：《“深层政府”与一元型总统制：美国当代政治中的两个幽灵？》，刊于上海澎湃新闻，2021-05-24。 　　⑩当然，这样的建议是否真的可行，其实也要打一个很大的问号，不仅美国国会早已是政治极化现象表现最为突出的所在，而且现在民主党在国会两院实际都是微弱多数，更遑论最近美国新一轮人口统计出炉，在国会里因人口增长而增加席次的是红州，掉了席次的反而是蓝州。 　　⑪关于特朗普这方面的表现，可参阅李海默：《特朗普说美国总统想干嘛就干嘛，假如汉密尔顿复生会怎么看？》，刊于 澎湃新闻，2020-07-08；与李海默：《学理上，美国会是否能够限制约束特朗普关税权力？》，刊于 观察者网，2018-07-30。 　　⑫参阅https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/trump-railed-against-deep-state-he-also-built-his-own-n1258385 　　⑬参阅https://www.salon.com/2021/02/15/trump-waged-war- on-the-deep-statecan-bidens-good-government-approach-work-now/ 　　⑭参阅https://news.yale.edu/2021/03/29/after-trump-reining-imperial-presidency

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